A speech on academic exchanges at the 11th WCCE
[size=2][/size][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]Dear Chairman, ladies and gentlemen,[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]As a common teacher, this is the first time for us to go abroad, so I feel extremely honored and excited to deliver a speech on international platform. I expect to get your directions by means of academic exchanges.[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=2][size=7.5pt]Jiangsu[/size][/size][size=7.5pt][size=2] Oilfield Technical School is situated by lake Hong Ze. In[/size] [size=2]the latter half of 1980s, we organized the class reform in education. We still persist in pursuing our research work. without precedence or outlay, for there exist objective cause and inherent motive force. The main points can be summarized as the following:[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]I.
[/size][/size][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]Background of Chinese traditional[/size][size=3] [/size][size=2]education:[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]i)
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]For hundreds of years, people in China set a high value on “earth, husband, relatives and teachers”. Students treat their teachers as parents, and teachers’[/size] [size=2]statements and actions determine students’ lives, which has become a beep-rooted cultural custom.[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]ii)
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]The [/size]“[size=2]teacher-orientated[/size]”[size=2] theory, advocated by Soviet educationalist kailuv had been accepted as infallible law ; moreover, the idea that teachers’ statements are laws id in fashion.. [/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]iii)
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]From imperial examination system to the state unified exam nowadays, one-way inculcation and overflowing exercises have become the principles of teaching. [/size]“[size=2]examination education[/size] “ [size=2]forces students into a kind of container under[/size] [size=2]high pressure and are over-burden with tasks.[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]iv)
[/size][/size][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]Our students’[/size] [size=2]ideas are fettered by traditional education, and theory looses contact with reality, so that the youth’s spirit of innovation and practical abilities are constrained.[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]II.
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]Introduction of the[/size] [size=2]methodology of teaching as a guide:[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2]i). Thought of methodology:[/size][/font][/color][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2]We started the class teaching experiment in the latter half of 1990s, and in 1992, reported experimenting paper to Jiangsu Labor Service, and the paper had been published after evaluation and assessment by experts of Central Educational Scientific Research Institute. Its basic guiding thought shows that essential link of teaching is to learn actively to achieve the goal of quality development. Instructors offer necessary service, something like encouragement, instruction, guidance, feedback, regulation. Teachers play a key role in guiding students to learn actively so as to develop the teenagers’ latent capacities. In the new teaching process, teachers give guidance to student, and make students think independently, actively by means of elicitation method of teaching. Besides, teachers ask students to associate themselves with others and to take active part in mutual aid and cooperation. Therefore, it is in the process of active leaning , analysis, summarization and reasoning, and in the discussion of distinguishing clearly between right and wrong that students express their own opinion, and grasp various means of dialectical logic[/size][/font][/size][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]， [size=2]which are[/size] [size=2]becoming the most precious ideological qualities continuously that the talented should be of in practice.[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]ii) The basic principles of methodology of guidance:[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]A．
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]Student-orientated principle:[/size] [/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]On the whole, school, society and family provide conditions for students’ active learning while students remain a main body in the process of cognition and practice from beginning to end, so we should keep on stimulating students’ inner motive for knowledge, urging them to think on their own, pursue actively, persistently, and bring forth new ideas so as to study purposefully, freely and initiatively.[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]B. Teacher-guiding principle: [/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2]Mutual cooperation is the essential feature of human society. In the process of instruction, teachers, serving as organizers, must give guidance to student and try to provide what students want so as to keep students main body.[/size][/font][/color][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]C. The principle of comprehensive education:[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2]It is shown that the students’ professional qualities should be associated with interrelated physical and mental qualities, completing each other. Teachers should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, trying to exploit and foster latent abilities of each student.[/size][/font][/color][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]D. Self-taught principle:[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2]Studying independently refers to a certain activity of grasping knowledge in reality and practice, which emphasizes the students on their own. The teachers’ task is to create better environment of teaching and learning, linking old knowledge with new content of courses, and students are always kept in a vivid and active state for learning.[/size][/font][/color][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]E. Quality-fostering principle:[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2]This rule requires that all the teaching activities aims to develop students’ qualities. The process of mastering content of courses is not only that of students’ active learning, but also a essential condition to accomplish quality education. Instruction evaluation should pay attention to class activities and maintain students’ development physically and mentally.[/size][/font][/color][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]iii)
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]The experiment of methodology of guidance proves the feasibility of guiding ideas. The process of teaching consists of 4 steps: self-taught guidance, examination and revision, discussion and demonstration, induction and summarization, educational experiment in connected with democratic and opening-up ideology.[/size] [size=2]There is not steady and regular model in teaching as a guide, which is to vary with different courses, students and conditions. We are asked to learn from modern educational ideas and forms so as to enrich and refresh teaching methods.[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]III.[/size]
[/size][/size][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]The significance of methodology of[/size] [size=2]teachers as a guide:[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]1)
[/size][size=7.5pt][size=2]In Soviet Union emerged a upsurge of “cooperative education: in 1980s; the tendency of democratization could not be reversed. The guiding ideology[/size] [size=2]implies that teachers and students maintain a kind of special cooperative relation. Only if teachers serve as a guide, and the leading position could be effectively established[/size] [/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]2)
[/size][/size][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]Traditional education put emphasis on “teacher-centered” while modern western[/size] [size=2]education advocates “student=centered”, so these ideas are in contradiction with each other. The different characteristics of cognition shows that students’ active learning is a primary part, and teachers give full play to their function of guidance, which facilitates the formation of students’ innovation and practicality.[/size][/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]3)[/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]On the basis of experiment of class guidance, we made up two programs on two levels of school and society to deepen educational reform, trying to exploit latent capacity of educational resources, building up certain conditions and mechanism that are suitable for learners’ lifework in Chinese future education[/size].[/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt]4) [/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][align=left][color=#000000][font=Arial][size=2][size=7.5pt][size=2]Japanese’ “relaxation education” and Chinese “research study” both lie in complex education, practical and creative, which behave heavily in educational reform; However, the major task of educators is still to inherit or learn from indirect experience; without inheritance, there are not advancement or[/size] [size=2]creativity, instruction of courses is essential part. In the methodology of teaching as guide, students grasp, apply and pursue actively knowledge by means of teaching experiments; and to acquire the thought of critical inheritance. We call on students to carry out mutual aid and cooperation, and activities of taking care of[/size] [size=2]themselves, studying on their own feed, self-government, which make it possible for students to become responsible citizens of new era in studies, daily lives and social practice.[/size] [/size][/size][/font][/color][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][size=7.5pt][font=Arial][size=2][color=#000000]Spare no advice, please.
Thanks a lot.[/color][/size][/font][/size][/align][font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font]
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[font=Arial][size=2][/size][/font][align=left][color=#000000][size=2][font=Arial][size=7.5pt][size=2]Junjie Zhang,[/size]
[size=2]Tong Jiao,
Wei Liu
At 12:00, In[/size] [size=2]July 5, 2001 [/size][/size][size=2][size=2][size=7.5pt]Korea[/size][/size][size=7.5pt][size=2] National[/size] [size=2]University[/size][/size][/size][size=2][size=7.5pt] of Education[/size][/size][/font][/size][/color][/align][size=2][/size]
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[[i] 本帖最后由 也许是咪吖 于 2007-10-16 16:03 编辑 [/i]]
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